COLOR AND FILL SCALES (DISCRETE) n COLOR AND FILL SCALES (CONTINUOUS) o. R is more than just a statistical programming language. It’s also a powerful tool for all kinds of data processing and manipulation, used by a community of programmers and users, academics, and practitioners. But in order to get the most out of R, you need to know how to access the R Help files and. R Reference Card by Tom Short, EPRI PEAC, tshort@epri-peac.com 2004-11-07 Granted to the public domain. See www.Rpad.org for the source and latest. Coordinates and color. Continue building a plot by adding layers such as geometric objects (geoms) or statistics, like a trendline. The example below will use mydata, plot xvar and yvar on the x and y axes, plot points colored by levels of groupvar, and add a linear model trendline.
Errata Exists: There seem to be duplicate color names in the list, and there are clashes between web and X11 colors in the CSS color scheme, as described here. Beware.
R Programming Cheat Sheet juSt the baSicS. R has no concept of column vectors or row vectors. Are columns of diamonds.
The following is a list of 256 (Xterm) colors containing an example of the displayed color, Xterm Number, Xterm Name, HEX, RGB and HSL codes. The data is also available as in JSON format: JSON data.
Colors 0-15 are Xterm system colors.
Display | Xterm Number | Xterm Name | HEX | RGB | HSL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Black (SYSTEM) | #000000 | rgb(0,0,0) | hsl(0,0%,0%) | |
1 | Maroon (SYSTEM) | #800000 | rgb(128,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,25%) | |
2 | Green (SYSTEM) | #008000 | rgb(0,128,0) | hsl(120,100%,25%) | |
3 | Olive (SYSTEM) | #808000 | rgb(128,128,0) | hsl(60,100%,25%) | |
4 | Navy (SYSTEM) | #000080 | rgb(0,0,128) | hsl(240,100%,25%) | |
5 | Purple (SYSTEM) | #800080 | rgb(128,0,128) | hsl(300,100%,25%) | |
6 | Teal (SYSTEM) | #008080 | rgb(0,128,128) | hsl(180,100%,25%) | |
7 | Silver (SYSTEM) | #c0c0c0 | rgb(192,192,192) | hsl(0,0%,75%) | |
8 | Grey (SYSTEM) | #808080 | rgb(128,128,128) | hsl(0,0%,50%) | |
9 | Red (SYSTEM) | #ff0000 | rgb(255,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,50%) | |
10 | Lime (SYSTEM) | #00ff00 | rgb(0,255,0) | hsl(120,100%,50%) | |
11 | Yellow (SYSTEM) | #ffff00 | rgb(255,255,0) | hsl(60,100%,50%) | |
12 | Blue (SYSTEM) | #0000ff | rgb(0,0,255) | hsl(240,100%,50%) | |
13 | Fuchsia (SYSTEM) | #ff00ff | rgb(255,0,255) | hsl(300,100%,50%) | |
14 | Aqua (SYSTEM) | #00ffff | rgb(0,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,50%) | |
15 | White (SYSTEM) | #ffffff | rgb(255,255,255) | hsl(0,0%,100%) | |
16 | Grey0 | #000000 | rgb(0,0,0) | hsl(0,0%,0%) | |
17 | NavyBlue | #00005f | rgb(0,0,95) | hsl(240,100%,18%) | |
18 | DarkBlue | #000087 | rgb(0,0,135) | hsl(240,100%,26%) | |
19 | Blue3 | #0000af | rgb(0,0,175) | hsl(240,100%,34%) | |
20 | Blue3 | #0000d7 | rgb(0,0,215) | hsl(240,100%,42%) | |
21 | Blue1 | #0000ff | rgb(0,0,255) | hsl(240,100%,50%) | |
22 | DarkGreen | #005f00 | rgb(0,95,0) | hsl(120,100%,18%) | |
23 | DeepSkyBlue4 | #005f5f | rgb(0,95,95) | hsl(180,100%,18%) | |
24 | DeepSkyBlue4 | #005f87 | rgb(0,95,135) | hsl(97,100%,26%) | |
25 | DeepSkyBlue4 | #005faf | rgb(0,95,175) | hsl(07,100%,34%) | |
26 | DodgerBlue3 | #005fd7 | rgb(0,95,215) | hsl(13,100%,42%) | |
27 | DodgerBlue2 | #005fff | rgb(0,95,255) | hsl(17,100%,50%) | |
28 | Green4 | #008700 | rgb(0,135,0) | hsl(120,100%,26%) | |
29 | SpringGreen4 | #00875f | rgb(0,135,95) | hsl(62,100%,26%) | |
30 | Turquoise4 | #008787 | rgb(0,135,135) | hsl(180,100%,26%) | |
31 | DeepSkyBlue3 | #0087af | rgb(0,135,175) | hsl(93,100%,34%) | |
32 | DeepSkyBlue3 | #0087d7 | rgb(0,135,215) | hsl(02,100%,42%) | |
33 | DodgerBlue1 | #0087ff | rgb(0,135,255) | hsl(08,100%,50%) | |
34 | Green3 | #00af00 | rgb(0,175,0) | hsl(120,100%,34%) | |
35 | SpringGreen3 | #00af5f | rgb(0,175,95) | hsl(52,100%,34%) | |
36 | DarkCyan | #00af87 | rgb(0,175,135) | hsl(66,100%,34%) | |
37 | LightSeaGreen | #00afaf | rgb(0,175,175) | hsl(180,100%,34%) | |
38 | DeepSkyBlue2 | #00afd7 | rgb(0,175,215) | hsl(91,100%,42%) | |
39 | DeepSkyBlue1 | #00afff | rgb(0,175,255) | hsl(98,100%,50%) | |
40 | Green3 | #00d700 | rgb(0,215,0) | hsl(120,100%,42%) | |
41 | SpringGreen3 | #00d75f | rgb(0,215,95) | hsl(46,100%,42%) | |
42 | SpringGreen2 | #00d787 | rgb(0,215,135) | hsl(57,100%,42%) | |
43 | Cyan3 | #00d7af | rgb(0,215,175) | hsl(68,100%,42%) | |
44 | DarkTurquoise | #00d7d7 | rgb(0,215,215) | hsl(180,100%,42%) | |
45 | Turquoise2 | #00d7ff | rgb(0,215,255) | hsl(89,100%,50%) | |
46 | Green1 | #00ff00 | rgb(0,255,0) | hsl(120,100%,50%) | |
47 | SpringGreen2 | #00ff5f | rgb(0,255,95) | hsl(42,100%,50%) | |
48 | SpringGreen1 | #00ff87 | rgb(0,255,135) | hsl(51,100%,50%) | |
49 | MediumSpringGreen | #00ffaf | rgb(0,255,175) | hsl(61,100%,50%) | |
50 | Cyan2 | #00ffd7 | rgb(0,255,215) | hsl(70,100%,50%) | |
51 | Cyan1 | #00ffff | rgb(0,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,50%) | |
52 | DarkRed | #5f0000 | rgb(95,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,18%) | |
53 | DeepPink4 | #5f005f | rgb(95,0,95) | hsl(300,100%,18%) | |
54 | Purple4 | #5f0087 | rgb(95,0,135) | hsl(82,100%,26%) | |
55 | Purple4 | #5f00af | rgb(95,0,175) | hsl(72,100%,34%) | |
56 | Purple3 | #5f00d7 | rgb(95,0,215) | hsl(66,100%,42%) | |
57 | BlueViolet | #5f00ff | rgb(95,0,255) | hsl(62,100%,50%) | |
58 | Orange4 | #5f5f00 | rgb(95,95,0) | hsl(60,100%,18%) | |
59 | Grey37 | #5f5f5f | rgb(95,95,95) | hsl(0,0%,37%) | |
60 | MediumPurple4 | #5f5f87 | rgb(95,95,135) | hsl(240,17%,45%) | |
61 | SlateBlue3 | #5f5faf | rgb(95,95,175) | hsl(240,33%,52%) | |
62 | SlateBlue3 | #5f5fd7 | rgb(95,95,215) | hsl(240,60%,60%) | |
63 | RoyalBlue1 | #5f5fff | rgb(95,95,255) | hsl(240,100%,68%) | |
64 | Chartreuse4 | #5f8700 | rgb(95,135,0) | hsl(7,100%,26%) | |
65 | DarkSeaGreen4 | #5f875f | rgb(95,135,95) | hsl(120,17%,45%) | |
66 | PaleTurquoise4 | #5f8787 | rgb(95,135,135) | hsl(180,17%,45%) | |
67 | SteelBlue | #5f87af | rgb(95,135,175) | hsl(210,33%,52%) | |
68 | SteelBlue3 | #5f87d7 | rgb(95,135,215) | hsl(220,60%,60%) | |
69 | CornflowerBlue | #5f87ff | rgb(95,135,255) | hsl(225,100%,68%) | |
70 | Chartreuse3 | #5faf00 | rgb(95,175,0) | hsl(7,100%,34%) | |
71 | DarkSeaGreen4 | #5faf5f | rgb(95,175,95) | hsl(120,33%,52%) | |
72 | CadetBlue | #5faf87 | rgb(95,175,135) | hsl(150,33%,52%) | |
73 | CadetBlue | #5fafaf | rgb(95,175,175) | hsl(180,33%,52%) | |
74 | SkyBlue3 | #5fafd7 | rgb(95,175,215) | hsl(200,60%,60%) | |
75 | SteelBlue1 | #5fafff | rgb(95,175,255) | hsl(210,100%,68%) | |
76 | Chartreuse3 | #5fd700 | rgb(95,215,0) | hsl(3,100%,42%) | |
77 | PaleGreen3 | #5fd75f | rgb(95,215,95) | hsl(120,60%,60%) | |
78 | SeaGreen3 | #5fd787 | rgb(95,215,135) | hsl(140,60%,60%) | |
79 | Aquamarine3 | #5fd7af | rgb(95,215,175) | hsl(160,60%,60%) | |
80 | MediumTurquoise | #5fd7d7 | rgb(95,215,215) | hsl(180,60%,60%) | |
81 | SteelBlue1 | #5fd7ff | rgb(95,215,255) | hsl(195,100%,68%) | |
82 | Chartreuse2 | #5fff00 | rgb(95,255,0) | hsl(7,100%,50%) | |
83 | SeaGreen2 | #5fff5f | rgb(95,255,95) | hsl(120,100%,68%) | |
84 | SeaGreen1 | #5fff87 | rgb(95,255,135) | hsl(135,100%,68%) | |
85 | SeaGreen1 | #5fffaf | rgb(95,255,175) | hsl(150,100%,68%) | |
86 | Aquamarine1 | #5fffd7 | rgb(95,255,215) | hsl(165,100%,68%) | |
87 | DarkSlateGray2 | #5fffff | rgb(95,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,68%) | |
88 | DarkRed | #870000 | rgb(135,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,26%) | |
89 | DeepPink4 | #87005f | rgb(135,0,95) | hsl(17,100%,26%) | |
90 | DarkMagenta | #870087 | rgb(135,0,135) | hsl(300,100%,26%) | |
91 | DarkMagenta | #8700af | rgb(135,0,175) | hsl(86,100%,34%) | |
92 | DarkViolet | #8700d7 | rgb(135,0,215) | hsl(77,100%,42%) | |
93 | Purple | #8700ff | rgb(135,0,255) | hsl(71,100%,50%) | |
94 | Orange4 | #875f00 | rgb(135,95,0) | hsl(2,100%,26%) | |
95 | LightPink4 | #875f5f | rgb(135,95,95) | hsl(0,17%,45%) | |
96 | Plum4 | #875f87 | rgb(135,95,135) | hsl(300,17%,45%) | |
97 | MediumPurple3 | #875faf | rgb(135,95,175) | hsl(270,33%,52%) | |
98 | MediumPurple3 | #875fd7 | rgb(135,95,215) | hsl(260,60%,60%) | |
99 | SlateBlue1 | #875fff | rgb(135,95,255) | hsl(255,100%,68%) | |
100 | Yellow4 | #878700 | rgb(135,135,0) | hsl(60,100%,26%) | |
101 | Wheat4 | #87875f | rgb(135,135,95) | hsl(60,17%,45%) | |
102 | Grey53 | #878787 | rgb(135,135,135) | hsl(0,0%,52%) | |
103 | LightSlateGrey | #8787af | rgb(135,135,175) | hsl(240,20%,60%) | |
104 | MediumPurple | #8787d7 | rgb(135,135,215) | hsl(240,50%,68%) | |
105 | LightSlateBlue | #8787ff | rgb(135,135,255) | hsl(240,100%,76%) | |
106 | Yellow4 | #87af00 | rgb(135,175,0) | hsl(3,100%,34%) | |
107 | DarkOliveGreen3 | #87af5f | rgb(135,175,95) | hsl(90,33%,52%) | |
108 | DarkSeaGreen | #87af87 | rgb(135,175,135) | hsl(120,20%,60%) | |
109 | LightSkyBlue3 | #87afaf | rgb(135,175,175) | hsl(180,20%,60%) | |
110 | LightSkyBlue3 | #87afd7 | rgb(135,175,215) | hsl(210,50%,68%) | |
111 | SkyBlue2 | #87afff | rgb(135,175,255) | hsl(220,100%,76%) | |
112 | Chartreuse2 | #87d700 | rgb(135,215,0) | hsl(2,100%,42%) | |
113 | DarkOliveGreen3 | #87d75f | rgb(135,215,95) | hsl(100,60%,60%) | |
114 | PaleGreen3 | #87d787 | rgb(135,215,135) | hsl(120,50%,68%) | |
115 | DarkSeaGreen3 | #87d7af | rgb(135,215,175) | hsl(150,50%,68%) | |
116 | DarkSlateGray3 | #87d7d7 | rgb(135,215,215) | hsl(180,50%,68%) | |
117 | SkyBlue1 | #87d7ff | rgb(135,215,255) | hsl(200,100%,76%) | |
118 | Chartreuse1 | #87ff00 | rgb(135,255,0) | hsl(8,100%,50%) | |
119 | LightGreen | #87ff5f | rgb(135,255,95) | hsl(105,100%,68%) | |
120 | LightGreen | #87ff87 | rgb(135,255,135) | hsl(120,100%,76%) | |
121 | PaleGreen1 | #87ffaf | rgb(135,255,175) | hsl(140,100%,76%) | |
122 | Aquamarine1 | #87ffd7 | rgb(135,255,215) | hsl(160,100%,76%) | |
123 | DarkSlateGray1 | #87ffff | rgb(135,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,76%) | |
124 | Red3 | #af0000 | rgb(175,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,34%) | |
125 | DeepPink4 | #af005f | rgb(175,0,95) | hsl(27,100%,34%) | |
126 | MediumVioletRed | #af0087 | rgb(175,0,135) | hsl(13,100%,34%) | |
127 | Magenta3 | #af00af | rgb(175,0,175) | hsl(300,100%,34%) | |
128 | DarkViolet | #af00d7 | rgb(175,0,215) | hsl(88,100%,42%) | |
129 | Purple | #af00ff | rgb(175,0,255) | hsl(81,100%,50%) | |
130 | DarkOrange3 | #af5f00 | rgb(175,95,0) | hsl(2,100%,34%) | |
131 | IndianRed | #af5f5f | rgb(175,95,95) | hsl(0,33%,52%) | |
132 | HotPink3 | #af5f87 | rgb(175,95,135) | hsl(330,33%,52%) | |
133 | MediumOrchid3 | #af5faf | rgb(175,95,175) | hsl(300,33%,52%) | |
134 | MediumOrchid | #af5fd7 | rgb(175,95,215) | hsl(280,60%,60%) | |
135 | MediumPurple2 | #af5fff | rgb(175,95,255) | hsl(270,100%,68%) | |
136 | DarkGoldenrod | #af8700 | rgb(175,135,0) | hsl(6,100%,34%) | |
137 | LightSalmon3 | #af875f | rgb(175,135,95) | hsl(30,33%,52%) | |
138 | RosyBrown | #af8787 | rgb(175,135,135) | hsl(0,20%,60%) | |
139 | Grey63 | #af87af | rgb(175,135,175) | hsl(300,20%,60%) | |
140 | MediumPurple2 | #af87d7 | rgb(175,135,215) | hsl(270,50%,68%) | |
141 | MediumPurple1 | #af87ff | rgb(175,135,255) | hsl(260,100%,76%) | |
142 | Gold3 | #afaf00 | rgb(175,175,0) | hsl(60,100%,34%) | |
143 | DarkKhaki | #afaf5f | rgb(175,175,95) | hsl(60,33%,52%) | |
144 | NavajoWhite3 | #afaf87 | rgb(175,175,135) | hsl(60,20%,60%) | |
145 | Grey69 | #afafaf | rgb(175,175,175) | hsl(0,0%,68%) | |
146 | LightSteelBlue3 | #afafd7 | rgb(175,175,215) | hsl(240,33%,76%) | |
147 | LightSteelBlue | #afafff | rgb(175,175,255) | hsl(240,100%,84%) | |
148 | Yellow3 | #afd700 | rgb(175,215,0) | hsl(1,100%,42%) | |
149 | DarkOliveGreen3 | #afd75f | rgb(175,215,95) | hsl(80,60%,60%) | |
150 | DarkSeaGreen3 | #afd787 | rgb(175,215,135) | hsl(90,50%,68%) | |
151 | DarkSeaGreen2 | #afd7af | rgb(175,215,175) | hsl(120,33%,76%) | |
152 | LightCyan3 | #afd7d7 | rgb(175,215,215) | hsl(180,33%,76%) | |
153 | LightSkyBlue1 | #afd7ff | rgb(175,215,255) | hsl(210,100%,84%) | |
154 | GreenYellow | #afff00 | rgb(175,255,0) | hsl(8,100%,50%) | |
155 | DarkOliveGreen2 | #afff5f | rgb(175,255,95) | hsl(90,100%,68%) | |
156 | PaleGreen1 | #afff87 | rgb(175,255,135) | hsl(100,100%,76%) | |
157 | DarkSeaGreen2 | #afffaf | rgb(175,255,175) | hsl(120,100%,84%) | |
158 | DarkSeaGreen1 | #afffd7 | rgb(175,255,215) | hsl(150,100%,84%) | |
159 | PaleTurquoise1 | #afffff | rgb(175,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,84%) | |
160 | Red3 | #d70000 | rgb(215,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,42%) | |
161 | DeepPink3 | #d7005f | rgb(215,0,95) | hsl(33,100%,42%) | |
162 | DeepPink3 | #d70087 | rgb(215,0,135) | hsl(22,100%,42%) | |
163 | Magenta3 | #d700af | rgb(215,0,175) | hsl(11,100%,42%) | |
164 | Magenta3 | #d700d7 | rgb(215,0,215) | hsl(300,100%,42%) | |
165 | Magenta2 | #d700ff | rgb(215,0,255) | hsl(90,100%,50%) | |
166 | DarkOrange3 | #d75f00 | rgb(215,95,0) | hsl(6,100%,42%) | |
167 | IndianRed | #d75f5f | rgb(215,95,95) | hsl(0,60%,60%) | |
168 | HotPink3 | #d75f87 | rgb(215,95,135) | hsl(340,60%,60%) | |
169 | HotPink2 | #d75faf | rgb(215,95,175) | hsl(320,60%,60%) | |
170 | Orchid | #d75fd7 | rgb(215,95,215) | hsl(300,60%,60%) | |
171 | MediumOrchid1 | #d75fff | rgb(215,95,255) | hsl(285,100%,68%) | |
172 | Orange3 | #d78700 | rgb(215,135,0) | hsl(7,100%,42%) | |
173 | LightSalmon3 | #d7875f | rgb(215,135,95) | hsl(20,60%,60%) | |
174 | LightPink3 | #d78787 | rgb(215,135,135) | hsl(0,50%,68%) | |
175 | Pink3 | #d787af | rgb(215,135,175) | hsl(330,50%,68%) | |
176 | Plum3 | #d787d7 | rgb(215,135,215) | hsl(300,50%,68%) | |
177 | Violet | #d787ff | rgb(215,135,255) | hsl(280,100%,76%) | |
178 | Gold3 | #d7af00 | rgb(215,175,0) | hsl(8,100%,42%) | |
179 | LightGoldenrod3 | #d7af5f | rgb(215,175,95) | hsl(40,60%,60%) | |
180 | Tan | #d7af87 | rgb(215,175,135) | hsl(30,50%,68%) | |
181 | MistyRose3 | #d7afaf | rgb(215,175,175) | hsl(0,33%,76%) | |
182 | Thistle3 | #d7afd7 | rgb(215,175,215) | hsl(300,33%,76%) | |
183 | Plum2 | #d7afff | rgb(215,175,255) | hsl(270,100%,84%) | |
184 | Yellow3 | #d7d700 | rgb(215,215,0) | hsl(60,100%,42%) | |
185 | Khaki3 | #d7d75f | rgb(215,215,95) | hsl(60,60%,60%) | |
186 | LightGoldenrod2 | #d7d787 | rgb(215,215,135) | hsl(60,50%,68%) | |
187 | LightYellow3 | #d7d7af | rgb(215,215,175) | hsl(60,33%,76%) | |
188 | Grey84 | #d7d7d7 | rgb(215,215,215) | hsl(0,0%,84%) | |
189 | LightSteelBlue1 | #d7d7ff | rgb(215,215,255) | hsl(240,100%,92%) | |
190 | Yellow2 | #d7ff00 | rgb(215,255,0) | hsl(9,100%,50%) | |
191 | DarkOliveGreen1 | #d7ff5f | rgb(215,255,95) | hsl(75,100%,68%) | |
192 | DarkOliveGreen1 | #d7ff87 | rgb(215,255,135) | hsl(80,100%,76%) | |
193 | DarkSeaGreen1 | #d7ffaf | rgb(215,255,175) | hsl(90,100%,84%) | |
194 | Honeydew2 | #d7ffd7 | rgb(215,255,215) | hsl(120,100%,92%) | |
195 | LightCyan1 | #d7ffff | rgb(215,255,255) | hsl(180,100%,92%) | |
196 | Red1 | #ff0000 | rgb(255,0,0) | hsl(0,100%,50%) | |
197 | DeepPink2 | #ff005f | rgb(255,0,95) | hsl(37,100%,50%) | |
198 | DeepPink1 | #ff0087 | rgb(255,0,135) | hsl(28,100%,50%) | |
199 | DeepPink1 | #ff00af | rgb(255,0,175) | hsl(18,100%,50%) | |
200 | Magenta2 | #ff00d7 | rgb(255,0,215) | hsl(09,100%,50%) | |
201 | Magenta1 | #ff00ff | rgb(255,0,255) | hsl(300,100%,50%) | |
202 | OrangeRed1 | #ff5f00 | rgb(255,95,0) | hsl(2,100%,50%) | |
203 | IndianRed1 | #ff5f5f | rgb(255,95,95) | hsl(0,100%,68%) | |
204 | IndianRed1 | #ff5f87 | rgb(255,95,135) | hsl(345,100%,68%) | |
205 | HotPink | #ff5faf | rgb(255,95,175) | hsl(330,100%,68%) | |
206 | HotPink | #ff5fd7 | rgb(255,95,215) | hsl(315,100%,68%) | |
207 | MediumOrchid1 | #ff5fff | rgb(255,95,255) | hsl(300,100%,68%) | |
208 | DarkOrange | #ff8700 | rgb(255,135,0) | hsl(1,100%,50%) | |
209 | Salmon1 | #ff875f | rgb(255,135,95) | hsl(15,100%,68%) | |
210 | LightCoral | #ff8787 | rgb(255,135,135) | hsl(0,100%,76%) | |
211 | PaleVioletRed1 | #ff87af | rgb(255,135,175) | hsl(340,100%,76%) | |
212 | Orchid2 | #ff87d7 | rgb(255,135,215) | hsl(320,100%,76%) | |
213 | Orchid1 | #ff87ff | rgb(255,135,255) | hsl(300,100%,76%) | |
214 | Orange1 | #ffaf00 | rgb(255,175,0) | hsl(1,100%,50%) | |
215 | SandyBrown | #ffaf5f | rgb(255,175,95) | hsl(30,100%,68%) | |
216 | LightSalmon1 | #ffaf87 | rgb(255,175,135) | hsl(20,100%,76%) | |
217 | LightPink1 | #ffafaf | rgb(255,175,175) | hsl(0,100%,84%) | |
218 | Pink1 | #ffafd7 | rgb(255,175,215) | hsl(330,100%,84%) | |
219 | Plum1 | #ffafff | rgb(255,175,255) | hsl(300,100%,84%) | |
220 | Gold1 | #ffd700 | rgb(255,215,0) | hsl(0,100%,50%) | |
221 | LightGoldenrod2 | #ffd75f | rgb(255,215,95) | hsl(45,100%,68%) | |
222 | LightGoldenrod2 | #ffd787 | rgb(255,215,135) | hsl(40,100%,76%) | |
223 | NavajoWhite1 | #ffd7af | rgb(255,215,175) | hsl(30,100%,84%) | |
224 | MistyRose1 | #ffd7d7 | rgb(255,215,215) | hsl(0,100%,92%) | |
225 | Thistle1 | #ffd7ff | rgb(255,215,255) | hsl(300,100%,92%) | |
226 | Yellow1 | #ffff00 | rgb(255,255,0) | hsl(60,100%,50%) | |
227 | LightGoldenrod1 | #ffff5f | rgb(255,255,95) | hsl(60,100%,68%) | |
228 | Khaki1 | #ffff87 | rgb(255,255,135) | hsl(60,100%,76%) | |
229 | Wheat1 | #ffffaf | rgb(255,255,175) | hsl(60,100%,84%) | |
230 | Cornsilk1 | #ffffd7 | rgb(255,255,215) | hsl(60,100%,92%) | |
231 | Grey100 | #ffffff | rgb(255,255,255) | hsl(0,0%,100%) | |
232 | Grey3 | #080808 | rgb(8,8,8) | hsl(0,0%,3%) | |
233 | Grey7 | #121212 | rgb(18,18,18) | hsl(0,0%,7%) | |
234 | Grey11 | #1c1c1c | rgb(28,28,28) | hsl(0,0%,10%) | |
235 | Grey15 | #262626 | rgb(38,38,38) | hsl(0,0%,14%) | |
236 | Grey19 | #303030 | rgb(48,48,48) | hsl(0,0%,18%) | |
237 | Grey23 | #3a3a3a | rgb(58,58,58) | hsl(0,0%,22%) | |
238 | Grey27 | #444444 | rgb(68,68,68) | hsl(0,0%,26%) | |
239 | Grey30 | #4e4e4e | rgb(78,78,78) | hsl(0,0%,30%) | |
240 | Grey35 | #585858 | rgb(88,88,88) | hsl(0,0%,34%) | |
241 | Grey39 | #626262 | rgb(98,98,98) | hsl(0,0%,37%) | |
242 | Grey42 | #6c6c6c | rgb(108,108,108) | hsl(0,0%,40%) | |
243 | Grey46 | #767676 | rgb(118,118,118) | hsl(0,0%,46%) | |
244 | Grey50 | #808080 | rgb(128,128,128) | hsl(0,0%,50%) | |
245 | Grey54 | #8a8a8a | rgb(138,138,138) | hsl(0,0%,54%) | |
246 | Grey58 | #949494 | rgb(148,148,148) | hsl(0,0%,58%) | |
247 | Grey62 | #9e9e9e | rgb(158,158,158) | hsl(0,0%,61%) | |
248 | Grey66 | #a8a8a8 | rgb(168,168,168) | hsl(0,0%,65%) | |
249 | Grey70 | #b2b2b2 | rgb(178,178,178) | hsl(0,0%,69%) | |
250 | Grey74 | #bcbcbc | rgb(188,188,188) | hsl(0,0%,73%) | |
251 | Grey78 | #c6c6c6 | rgb(198,198,198) | hsl(0,0%,77%) | |
252 | Grey82 | #d0d0d0 | rgb(208,208,208) | hsl(0,0%,81%) | |
253 | Grey85 | #dadada | rgb(218,218,218) | hsl(0,0%,85%) | |
254 | Grey89 | #e4e4e4 | rgb(228,228,228) | hsl(0,0%,89%) | |
255 | Grey93 | #eeeeee | rgb(238,238,238) | hsl(0,0%,93%) |
R Color Basics
R graphical devices support a broad range of colors and color functions. The colors() command with no input arguments returns a list of all available colors in R. Presently, there are 657 colors. In practice, declaring colors can be achieved three ways:
- character names (e.g. “red”, “orange”, “yellow”),
- 3-digit RGB values (e.g. 255 0 0; 265 155 0; 255 255 0), and
- hexadecimal strings (e.g. “#FF0000”, “#FFA500”, “#FFFF00”).
R Color character names
Index extraction from the colors() list is one way to reveal available colors. For example:
2 4 6 8 10 | >colors()[552] >colors()[grep('orange',colors())] [1]'darkorange''darkorange1''darkorange2''darkorange3' [5]'darkorange4''orange''orange1''orange2''orange3' [14]'orangered3''orangered4' |
Using color names in plots is straightforward:
2 4 6 8 10 | barplot(1,axes=FALSE,col='steelblue') # Display all green colors axes=FALSE, xlim=c(0,5), col=colors()[grep('green',colors())]) |
RGB Color Codes in R
The function col2rgb() can be used to extract the RGB (red-green-blue) components of a color.
2 4 6 | col2rgb(c(R='red',O='orange',Y='yellow')) ROY green0165255 |
Each of the RGB color components ranges from 0 to 255. Given that the three RGB components having 256 possible values, then there are 256*256*256 possible colors, or a total of 16,777,216 colors.
Hexadecimal Colors (#rrggbb) in R
Hexadecimal colors represent a more efficient way (for machines) to represent the three RGB colors. Hexadecimal notation is a number scheme with a base of 16 (or hex) and the primary numbers 0, 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
For example, a color with the RGB values red=36, green=104, blue=160 is a greyish-blue color. The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are defined in hexadecimal notation as 24, 68 and A0 respectively. To obtain the hex triplet, we simply concatenate the hash symbol and the three hex bytes together: #2468A0. If a number is less than 16 (in decimal notation) or 10 (in hex notation), it must be represented with a leading zero to keep the number of digits in the triplet equal to six. For example, the decimal triplet 0, 1, 2 would be represented by the hex triplet 000102.
R provide the function as.hexmode() to convert decimal numbers into hex numbers and the rgb() function to convert RGB triplets into hex triplets.
R Color Ramps and Hex Triplets
R Color Cheat Sheet Pdf
Hex triplets can be used in R in place of color names and are convenient when functions define color selection. For example, it is impossible to use character names to precisely define a color ramp, or the the range of colors that interpolate between a start and end color. Its easy with hex triplets!
2 4 6 8 10 | # Define the color ramp (returns a function object) ramp.list<-rgb(ramp(seq(0,1,length=5)),max=255) [1]'#FFB5C5''#BF87B3''#7F5AA2''#3F2D91''#000080' # Plot the color ramp barplot(rep(1,5),axes=FALSE,space=0,col=ramp.list) |
Colors In Base R
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